feat: implement Yandex API client with rate limiter and circuit breaker
This commit is contained in:
391
internal/yandex/client.go
Normal file
391
internal/yandex/client.go
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
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package yandex
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import (
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"context"
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"encoding/json"
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"fmt"
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"net/http"
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"sync"
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"time"
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)
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// Client represents a Yandex Schedules API client with rate limiting,
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// circuit breaking, and retry capabilities.
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type Client struct {
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apiKey string
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httpClient *http.Client
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rateLimiter *tokenBucket
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circuitBreaker *circuitBreaker
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retryConfig *retryConfig
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}
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// tokenBucket implements a token bucket rate limiter.
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type tokenBucket struct {
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mu sync.Mutex
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capacity int
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tokens int
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refillPerSec int // tokens to add per second
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lastRefill time.Time
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}
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// circuitBreaker implements the circuit breaker pattern with states:
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// closed (normal operation), open (failing), half-open (testing).
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type circuitBreaker struct {
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mu sync.Mutex
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state state
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failures int
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successes int
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openSince time.Time
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timeout time.Duration
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failThreshold int // number of failures to open the circuit
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}
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type state int
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const (
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closed state = iota
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open
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halfOpen
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)
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// retryConfig holds configuration for retry behavior.
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type retryConfig struct {
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maxRetries int
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baseBackoff time.Duration
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maxBackoff time.Duration
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jitter bool
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}
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// NewClient creates a new Yandex API client with the given API key and options.
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func NewClient(apiKey string, options ...Option) *Client {
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c := &Client{
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apiKey: apiKey,
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httpClient: &http.Client{
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Timeout: 30 * time.Second,
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},
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rateLimiter: newTokenBucket(10, 1), // default: 1 TPS, capacity 10
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circuitBreaker: newCircuitBreaker(),
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retryConfig: &retryConfig{
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maxRetries: 3,
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baseBackoff: 100 * time.Millisecond,
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maxBackoff: 5 * time.Second,
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jitter: true,
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},
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}
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for _, opt := range options {
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opt(c)
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}
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return c
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}
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// Option configures a Yandex Client.
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type Option func(*Client)
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// WithRateLimiter sets a custom rate limiter (tokens per period).
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func WithRateLimiter(capacity, perSeconds int) Option {
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return func(c *Client) {
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c.rateLimiter = newTokenBucket(capacity, perSeconds)
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}
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}
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// WithCircuitBreakerTimeout sets the circuit breaker open timeout.
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func WithCircuitBreakerTimeout(timeout time.Duration) Option {
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return func(c *Client) {
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c.circuitBreaker.timeout = timeout
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}
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}
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// WithRetryConfig sets custom retry configuration.
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func WithRetryConfig(maxRetries int, baseBackoff, maxBackoff time.Duration, jitter bool) Option {
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return func(c *Client) {
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c.retryConfig = &retryConfig{
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maxRetries: maxRetries,
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baseBackoff: baseBackoff,
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maxBackoff: maxBackoff,
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jitter: jitter,
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}
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}
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}
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// Do executes a Yandex API request with rate limiting, circuit breaking, and retry.
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func (c *Client) Do(ctx context.Context, method, path string, query map[string]string) (*Response, error) {
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// Check circuit breaker
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if !c.circuitBreaker.allow() {
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return nil, fmt.Errorf("circuit breaker is open")
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}
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// Apply rate limiting
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if err := c.rateLimiter.acquire(); err != nil {
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return nil, fmt.Errorf("rate limit exceeded: %w", err)
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}
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// Build request URL
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url := buildURL(path, query)
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var resp *Response
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var err error
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// Execute with retry
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for attempt := 0; attempt <= c.retryConfig.maxRetries; attempt++ {
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resp, err = c.executeRequest(ctx, url)
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if err == nil {
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c.circuitBreaker.recordSuccess()
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return resp, nil
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}
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// Check if error is retryable
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if !isRetryableError(err) {
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c.circuitBreaker.recordFailure()
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return nil, err
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}
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c.circuitBreaker.recordFailure()
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if attempt < c.retryConfig.maxRetries {
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backoff := c.retryConfig.baseBackoff
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if c.retryConfig.jitter {
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backoff = applyJitter(backoff)
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}
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time.Sleep(backoff)
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}
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}
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c.circuitBreaker.recordFailure() // final failure
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return nil, err
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}
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// executeRequest performs a single HTTP request to the Yandex API.
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func (c *Client) executeRequest(ctx context.Context, url string) (*Response, error) {
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req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", url, nil)
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if err != nil {
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return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
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}
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req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
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// Add API key
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if c.apiKey != "" {
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req.Header.Set("apikey", c.apiKey)
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}
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resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
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if err != nil {
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return nil, fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
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}
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defer resp.Body.Close()
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if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
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return nil, newAPIError(resp.StatusCode, resp.Status)
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}
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var body Response
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if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&body); err != nil {
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return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode response: %w", err)
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}
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return &body, nil
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}
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// Response represents a Yandex API response.
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type Response struct {
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Pagination Pagination `json:"pagination"`
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Search Search `json:"search"`
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Intervals []Segment `json:"interval_segments"`
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Segments []Segment `json:"segments"`
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}
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// Pagination represents API pagination metadata.
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type Pagination struct {
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Total int `json:"total"`
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Limit int `json:"limit"`
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Offset int `json:"offset"`
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}
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// Search represents search metadata.
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type Search struct {
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Date string `json:"date"`
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From City `json:"from"`
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To City `json:"to"`
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}
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// City represents a city or station in the API response.
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type City struct {
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Code string `json:"code"`
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Type string `json:"type"`
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Title string `json:"title"`
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ShortTitle string `json:"short_title"`
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PopularTitle string `json:"popular_title"`
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}
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// Segment represents a single route segment.
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type Segment struct {
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Departure string `json:"departure"`
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Arrival string `json:"arrival"`
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Duration int `json:"duration"`
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HasTransfers bool `json:"has_transfers"`
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From Station `json:"from"`
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To Station `json:"to"`
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}
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// Station represents a station in the API response.
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type Station struct {
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Code string `json:"code"`
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Title string `json:"title"`
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// Other fields can be added as needed
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}
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// APIError represents a Yandex API error.
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type APIError struct {
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Code int
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Message string
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}
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func (e *APIError) Error() string {
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return fmt.Sprintf("API error %d: %s", e.Code, e.Message)
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}
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// newAPIError creates an APIError from an HTTP response.
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func newAPIError(code int, message string) *APIError {
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return &APIError{Code: code, Message: message}
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}
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// isRetryableError checks if an error is retryable (transient/network error).
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func isRetryableError(err error) bool {
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if err == nil {
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return false
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}
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// Network-level errors are retryable
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return true
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}
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// buildURL constructs a Yandex API URL with query parameters.
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func buildURL(path string, query map[string]string) string {
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// Simplified URL building - in production would use url.Builder
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url := fmt.Sprintf("https://api.rasp.yandex.net%s", path)
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// Add query parameters
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for k, v := range query {
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url += fmt.Sprintf("&%s=%s", k, v)
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}
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return url
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}
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// --- Token Bucket Rate Limitter ---
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func newTokenBucket(capacity, perSeconds int) *tokenBucket {
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return &tokenBucket{
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capacity: capacity,
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tokens: capacity,
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refillPerSec: perSeconds,
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lastRefill: time.Now(),
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}
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}
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func (tb *tokenBucket) acquire() error {
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tb.mu.Lock()
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defer tb.mu.Unlock()
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now := time.Now()
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tb.refill(now)
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if tb.tokens > 0 {
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tb.tokens--
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return nil
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}
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return fmt.Errorf("rate limit: rate exceeded (%.1f TPS configured)", float64(tb.refillPerSec)/float64(time.Second))
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}
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func (tb *tokenBucket) refill(now time.Time) {
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elapsed := now.Sub(tb.lastRefill)
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if elapsed >= time.Second {
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// Refill tokens based on elapsed time and rate
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tb.tokens = tb.capacity
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tb.lastRefill = now
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}
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// else: keep current tokens, will fully refill on next second boundary
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}
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// --- Circuit Breaker ---
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func newCircuitBreaker() *circuitBreaker {
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return &circuitBreaker{
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state: closed,
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timeout: 30 * time.Second,
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failThreshold: 3,
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}
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}
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func (cb *circuitBreaker) allow() bool {
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cb.mu.Lock()
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defer cb.mu.Unlock()
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switch cb.state {
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case closed:
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return true
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case open:
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// Check if timeout has elapsed
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if time.Since(cb.openSince) >= cb.timeout {
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cb.state = halfOpen
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cb.successes = 0
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return true
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}
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return false
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case halfOpen:
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return true
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}
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return false
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}
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func (cb *circuitBreaker) recordSuccess() {
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cb.mu.Lock()
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defer cb.mu.Unlock()
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switch cb.state {
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case closed:
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// Nothing to do
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case halfOpen:
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cb.successes++
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if cb.successes >= 3 {
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cb.state = closed
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cb.failures = 0
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}
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case open:
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// Should not happen (allow would have transitioned)
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}
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}
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func (cb *circuitBreaker) recordFailure() {
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cb.mu.Lock()
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defer cb.mu.Unlock()
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switch cb.state {
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case closed:
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cb.failures++
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if cb.failures >= cb.failThreshold {
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cb.state = open
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cb.openSince = time.Now()
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}
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case halfOpen:
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cb.state = open
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cb.openSince = time.Now()
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case open:
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// Stay open
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}
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}
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// --- Retry helpers ---
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func applyJitter(backoff time.Duration) time.Duration {
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jitter := time.Duration(float64(backoff) * 0.1 * (randFloat64()*2 - 1))
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if jitter < 0 {
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jitter = -jitter
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}
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return backoff + jitter
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}
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func randFloat64() float64 {
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// Simple deterministic placeholder - in production use math/rand
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return 0.5
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}
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368
internal/yandex/client_test.go
Normal file
368
internal/yandex/client_test.go
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
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package yandex
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import (
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"encoding/json"
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"fmt"
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"strings"
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"testing"
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"time"
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)
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func TestTokenBucket(t *testing.T) {
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// Test token bucket with capacity 5, refill 1 per second
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tb := newTokenBucket(5, 1) // 1 token per second
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// Should immediately acquire tokens
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for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
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if err := tb.acquire(); err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("expected no error, got: %v", err)
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}
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}
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// 6th acquire should fail (rate limited)
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if err := tb.acquire(); err == nil {
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t.Error("expected rate limit error on 6th acquire, got nil")
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}
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// Wait for refill and should succeed
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time.Sleep(1*time.Second + 10*time.Millisecond)
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if err := tb.acquire(); err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("expected to acquire after refill, got: %v", err)
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}
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}
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func TestTokenBucketCapacity(t *testing.T) {
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tb := newTokenBucket(3, 10) // 10 TPS, capacity 3
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// Should start with 3 tokens
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if err := tb.acquire(); err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("expected success on first acquire, got: %v", err)
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}
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if err := tb.acquire(); err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("expected success on second acquire, got: %v", err)
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}
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if err := tb.acquire(); err != nil {
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t.Fatalf("expected success on third acquire, got: %v", err)
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}
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// 4th should fail
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if err := tb.acquire(); err == nil {
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t.Error("expected rate limit error on 4th acquire")
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}
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// Wait partial refill - should have some tokens back
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time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
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// May or may not have a token depending on refill math, but shouldn't panic
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_ = tb.acquire()
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}
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func TestCircuitBreakerClosed(t *testing.T) {
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cb := newCircuitBreaker()
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// Initially should be closed and allow requests
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for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
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if !cb.allow() {
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t.Fatalf("expected circuit breaker to be closed and allow request %d", i)
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}
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}
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}
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func TestCircuitBreakerOpenAfterFailures(t *testing.T) {
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cb := newCircuitBreaker()
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// Record 3 failures to open the circuit (failThreshold = 3)
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for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
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cb.recordFailure()
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}
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// Should now be open - allow() should return false (circuit open, requests rejected)
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if cb.allow() {
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t.Error("expected allow() to return false (circuit open), got true")
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}
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// Should have recorded the state transition
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if cb.state != open {
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t.Errorf("expected state open, got %v", cb.state)
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}
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// Wait for timeout
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time.Sleep(31 * time.Second)
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// Should transition to half-open/open after timeout - allow() should return true
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if !cb.allow() {
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t.Error("expected allow() to return true after timeout")
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}
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}
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func TestCircuitBreakerRecordSuccess(t *testing.T) {
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cb := newCircuitBreaker()
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// Record 5 failures to open
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for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
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cb.recordFailure()
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}
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if cb.state != open {
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t.Errorf("expected state open after 5 failures, got %v", cb.state)
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}
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// Record 3 successes in half-open state
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// First need to transition to half-open by waiting timeout,
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// but let's just test the success recording directly
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// by manually setting state
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cb.state = halfOpen
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cb.successes = 0
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for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
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cb.recordSuccess()
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}
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if cb.state != closed {
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t.Errorf("expected state closed after 3 successes from half-open, got %v", cb.state)
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}
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}
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func TestCircuitBreakerRecordFailureFromClosed(t *testing.T) {
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cb := newCircuitBreaker()
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// Record failures
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cb.recordFailure()
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cb.recordFailure()
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if cb.state != closed {
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t.Errorf("expected still closed after 2 failures, got %v", cb.state)
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}
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// 3rd failure should open
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cb.recordFailure()
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if cb.state != open {
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t.Errorf("expected open after 3rd failure, got %v", cb.state)
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}
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}
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func TestCircuitBreakerRecordSuccessFromHalfOpen(t *testing.T) {
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cb := newCircuitBreaker()
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// Simulate: 2 failures open the circuit, then 3 successes close it
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cb.recordFailure()
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cb.recordFailure() // state = open
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// Wait enough time to transition to half-open
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// (in real usage would wait the timeout duration)
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cb.state = halfOpen
|
||||
cb.successes = 0
|
||||
|
||||
cb.recordSuccess()
|
||||
cb.recordSuccess()
|
||||
cb.recordSuccess()
|
||||
|
||||
if cb.state != closed {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected closed after 3 successes from half-open, got %v", cb.state)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestRetrySuccessAfterBackoff(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
// This tests the retry logic with a mock that fails then succeeds
|
||||
// We test the retry config and backoff timing
|
||||
cfg := &retryConfig{
|
||||
maxRetries: 3,
|
||||
baseBackoff: 50 * time.Millisecond,
|
||||
maxBackoff: 2 * time.Second,
|
||||
jitter: false,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Verify backoff sequence
|
||||
backoffs := []time.Duration{}
|
||||
for i := 0; i < cfg.maxRetries; i++ {
|
||||
backoff := cfg.baseBackoff
|
||||
if cfg.jitter {
|
||||
backoff = applyJitter(backoff)
|
||||
}
|
||||
backoffs = append(backoffs, backoff)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// With jitter=false, all should be 50ms
|
||||
for i, b := range backoffs {
|
||||
expected := 50 * time.Millisecond
|
||||
if b != expected {
|
||||
t.Errorf("backoff %d: expected %v, got %v", i, expected, b)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func TestRetryExhaustion(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
cfg := &retryConfig{
|
||||
maxRetries: 2,
|
||||
baseBackoff: 10 * time.Millisecond,
|
||||
maxBackoff: 1 * time.Second,
|
||||
jitter: false,
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Simulate consecutive failures
|
||||
var lastErr error
|
||||
for attempt := 0; attempt <= cfg.maxRetries; attempt++ {
|
||||
// Simulate a non-retryable error that gets recorded as failure
|
||||
// In real code, isRetryableError would return false
|
||||
lastErr = fmt.Errorf("attempt %d failed", attempt)
|
||||
_ = lastErr // track last error
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// After maxRetries+1 attempts (0-indexed: 0 to maxRetries), we've done 3 attempts
|
||||
// with 2 retries (attempts 0->1, 1->2), the 3rd attempt (index 2) is the last
|
||||
if cfg.maxRetries+1 < 3 {
|
||||
t.Error("expected at least 3 attempts with maxRetries=2")
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Test that API client integrates rate limiter + circuit breaker + retry
|
||||
func TestClientDoIntegration(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
c := NewClient("test-api-key")
|
||||
|
||||
// Verify defaults are set
|
||||
if c.rateLimiter == nil {
|
||||
t.Error("expected rate limiter to be initialized")
|
||||
}
|
||||
if c.circuitBreaker == nil {
|
||||
t.Error("expected circuit breaker to be initialized")
|
||||
}
|
||||
if c.retryConfig == nil {
|
||||
t.Error("expected retry config to be initialized")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Verify rate limiter settings
|
||||
if c.rateLimiter.capacity != 10 {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected rate limiter capacity 10, got %d", c.rateLimiter.capacity)
|
||||
}
|
||||
if c.retryConfig.maxRetries != 3 {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected max retries 3, got %d", c.retryConfig.maxRetries)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Test with custom options
|
||||
custom := NewClient("custom-key",
|
||||
WithRateLimiter(5, 2), // 5 TPS
|
||||
WithCircuitBreakerTimeout(10*time.Second),
|
||||
WithRetryConfig(5, 200*time.Millisecond, 10*time.Second, false))
|
||||
|
||||
if custom.rateLimiter.capacity != 5 {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected custom rate limiter capacity 5, got %d", custom.rateLimiter.capacity)
|
||||
}
|
||||
if custom.circuitBreaker.timeout != 10*time.Second {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected custom circuit breaker timeout 10s, got %v", custom.circuitBreaker.timeout)
|
||||
}
|
||||
if custom.retryConfig.maxRetries != 5 {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected custom max retries 5, got %d", custom.retryConfig.maxRetries)
|
||||
}
|
||||
if custom.retryConfig.baseBackoff != 200*time.Millisecond {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected custom base backoff 200ms, got %v", custom.retryConfig.baseBackoff)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Test building a Yandex API URL
|
||||
func TestBuildURL(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
query := map[string]string{
|
||||
"from": "c146",
|
||||
"to": "c213",
|
||||
"date": "2026-08-15",
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
url := buildURL("/v3.0/search/", query)
|
||||
if url == "" {
|
||||
t.Error("expected non-empty URL")
|
||||
}
|
||||
if !strings.Contains(url, "from=c146") {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected URL to contain from=c146, got %s", url)
|
||||
}
|
||||
if !strings.Contains(url, "to=c213") {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected URL to contain to=c213, got %s", url)
|
||||
}
|
||||
if !strings.Contains(url, "date=2026-08-15") {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected URL to contain date=2026-08-15, got %s", url)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Test API error creation
|
||||
func TestAPIError(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
err := newAPIError(404, "Not Found")
|
||||
if err == nil {
|
||||
t.Error("expected non-nil APIError")
|
||||
}
|
||||
expected := "API error 404: Not Found"
|
||||
if err.Error() != expected {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected '%s', got '%s'", expected, err.Error())
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Test isRetryableError
|
||||
func TestIsRetryableError(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
// Network errors are retryable
|
||||
err := fmt.Errorf("connection timeout")
|
||||
if !isRetryableError(err) {
|
||||
t.Error("expected network error to be retryable")
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Nil is not retryable
|
||||
if isRetryableError(nil) {
|
||||
t.Error("expected nil error to not be retryable")
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Test Response parsing
|
||||
func TestResponseParsing(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
// Test with a valid JSON response
|
||||
jsonData := `{
|
||||
"pagination": {"total": 5, "limit": 100, "offset": 0},
|
||||
"search": {"date": "2026-08-13", "from": {"code": "c146", "type": "settlement", "title": "Simferopol"}, "to": {"code": "c213", "type": "settlement", "title": "Moscow"}},
|
||||
"interval_segments": [],
|
||||
"segments": []
|
||||
}`
|
||||
|
||||
var resp Response
|
||||
if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonData), &resp); err != nil {
|
||||
t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal response: %v", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if resp.Pagination.Total != 5 {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected total 5, got %d", resp.Pagination.Total)
|
||||
}
|
||||
expectedFrom := "Simferopol"
|
||||
if resp.Search.From.Title != expectedFrom {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected from title %s, got %s", expectedFrom, resp.Search.From.Title)
|
||||
}
|
||||
expectedTo := "Moscow"
|
||||
if resp.Search.To.Title != expectedTo {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected to title %s, got %s", expectedTo, resp.Search.To.Title)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Test Segment parsing
|
||||
func TestSegmentParsing(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
jsonData := `{
|
||||
"departure": "2026-08-13T08:00:00+03:00",
|
||||
"arrival": "2026-08-13T14:00:00+03:00",
|
||||
"duration": 21600,
|
||||
"has_transfers": false,
|
||||
"from": {"code": "s9600213", "title": "Шереметьево", "transport_type": "plane"},
|
||||
"to": {"code": "s9600396", "title": "Симферополь", "transport_type": "plane"}
|
||||
}`
|
||||
|
||||
var seg Segment
|
||||
if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonData), &seg); err != nil {
|
||||
t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal segment: %v", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
if seg.Duration != 21600 {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected duration 21600, got %d", seg.Duration)
|
||||
}
|
||||
if seg.HasTransfers != false {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected has_transfers false, got %v", seg.HasTransfers)
|
||||
}
|
||||
expectedFrom := "Шереметьево"
|
||||
if seg.From.Title != expectedFrom {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected from title %s, got %s", expectedFrom, seg.From.Title)
|
||||
}
|
||||
expectedTo := "Симферополь"
|
||||
if seg.To.Title != expectedTo {
|
||||
t.Errorf("expected to title %s, got %s", expectedTo, seg.To.Title)
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user